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Hardness Enhancement of Amalgam Teeth Fillings Using Diode Laser (675 nm)
Nafie Almuslet,H. J. Elamin,B. O. Elbashir
Journal of Analytical Science & Technology , 2011,
Abstract: This work aimed to enhance the hardness of human teeth filler material (Amalgam), in a short possible time via irradiation by low level laser. Hardening tests were carried out on different amalgam mixtures subjected to irradiation for two minutes by diode laser with wavelength of 675 nm and power of 15 mW. The samples were left for different time intervals and for each time interval hardening test was carried out using Brinell hardness test. Other samples were prepared for the same test with the same procedure but without irradiation, i.e. control group. The irradiated samples showed a considerable increasing in their hardness compared with samples without irradiation. The samples irradiated by laser need only 6 hours to reach the same value of hardness that the control group reached after 30 hours. In Conclusion, the irradiation of amalgam by this type of laser with the above parameters believed to be recrystalizing the material so it become harder with shorter time compared with the amalgam without irradiation.
Why Did Sudanese End Stage Renal Failure Patients Refuse Renal Transplantation?  [PDF]
Amin S. Banaga, Elaf B. Mohammed, Rania M. Siddig, Diana E. Salama, Sara B. Elbashir, Mohamed O. Khojali, Rasha A. Babiker, Khalifa Elmusharaf, Mamoun M. Homeida
Open Journal of Nephrology (OJNeph) , 2015, DOI: 10.4236/ojneph.2015.52005
Abstract:
Renal transplantation remains the most effective treatment of End Stage Renal Failure (ESRF). In this cross sectional study we explore the reasons behind refusal of renal transplantation among adults’ Sudanese haemodialysis patients. The subjects of the study are ESRF adults’ patients on regular haemodialysis treatment in 15 haemdoialysis centres in Khartoum/Sudan. All patients who are on regular haemodialysis were interviewed by questionnaire to explore the reasons of refusal of renal transplantation. A total of 1583 ESRF adults’ patients on regular haemodialysis have been participated in the study, 381 (24.1%) patients refused kidney transplantation. The mean age of patients refusing kidney transplantation was (58.5 + 15.1 years); 77.4% of them were ≥50 years old, 59.2% were males and 88.1% were unemployed, patients older than 50 years old and unemployed are tend to refuse renal transplantation (P < 0.001). The main reason of refusal was that the patients refuse to accept kidney from living donors (34.8%). 17.6% of patients decline kidney transplantation because of financial reason, 18.1% of patients refused to do transplantation because of fear of transplant surgery, 15.7% of patients believe that kidney transplantation is against their religious values, 11.9% of patients refused transplantation because they don’t have enough knowledge on renal transplantation, only 0.5% of patients refuse transplantation because of side effect of immunosuppressive drugs. In conclusion, in this study we found that elderly and unemployed ESRF patients tend to refuse renal transplantation, the most important reason behind refusal of renal transplantation is refusal of accepting kidney donation from living related donors. This reflects the need for development of cadaveric donors program in the Sudan. ESRF patients need education and counseling on renal transplantation.
Product Analysis of Supercritical Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis: Utilizing a Unique On-Line and Off-Line Gas Chromatographs Setup in a Bench-Scale Reactor Unit  [PDF]
Amro Kasht, Rehan Hussain, Minhaj Ghouri, Jan Blank, Nimir O. Elbashir
American Journal of Analytical Chemistry (AJAC) , 2015, DOI: 10.4236/ajac.2015.68064
Abstract: The utilization of supercritical fluids (SCF) in the Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis (FTS) further complicates the hydrocarbon products identification and analysis process due to the dilution of hydrocarbon peaks by the predominant solvent peak. Therefore, in this project, a custom-made Gas Chromatography (GC) analysis system was designed and implemented to identify and quantify SCF-FTS products. The FTS products were identified using two different methods. The first was through retention time matching by injecting standard solutions, and the second was through the use of the GC/MS system. The quantification of CO and CH4 was achieved by using external standards, where the CO conversion was calculated by relating the peak area of CO to the peak area of an internal standard (argon) while the CH4 selectivity was calculated by relating the peak area of CH4 to that of CO. After setting and calibrating the GC system, two reaction conditions (gas phase: 240°C, 20 bar syngas with 2:1 H2:CO molar feed ratio and for the supercritical fluids FTS (SCF-FTS): 240°C, 65 bar with 20 bar syngas partial pressure and 2:1 H2:CO molar feed ratio) were used to compare the different FTS reaction media. The comparison between the gas phase FTS and the SCF-FTS showed the following: carbon monoxide conversion was improved by 14% in the SCF-FTS, while the hydrocarbon product profile SCF-FTS showed 78% reduction in light hydrocarbons (C1 - C4) products, 35% increase in middle distillates (C11 - C22) products compared to gas phase FTS. These improvements have resulted in higher chain growth probability for the SCF-FTS (α = 0.85) compared to the gas phase FTS (α = 0.76). These results are generally in agreement with previously reported enhancement in the SCF-FTS[1].
LIBYA'S FOREIGN TRADE WITH EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES
Rania Elbashir
MEST Journal , 2022, DOI: 10.12709/mest.10.10.02.07
Abstract: The subject of this empirical and theoretical work is the exchange of foreign trade of Libya with the countries of the European Union. The scientific objective of the research is to make a scientific classification of the volume of foreign trade between Libya and the European Union countries and to discover the factors that hinder foreign trade and explain them scientifically. European countries also support this cooperation and contribute significantly to the formulation of future cooperation policies with Libya in various social, political, and economic fields. However, this cooperation takes place in light of objective difficulties arising from the conflicting interests of Western countries in North Africa and Libya. Since these relations are burdened with many problems of different nature, we started this paper with two assumptions: The first premise is that in the trade relations between Libya and the European Union, there are common interests for foreign trade that are more feasible. The second premise is that more encouragement and protection for investments by the countries of the European Union helps in new qualitative development and economic growth in Libya, which will significantly improve trade relations between Libya and the countries of the European Union.
EVALUATING THE FINANCIAL AND ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE OF PROJECTS
Dania Elbashir
MEST Journal , 2022, DOI: 10.12709/mest.10.10.02.06
Abstract: The importance of assessing financial performance lies in highlighting all financial and economic criteria needed to assess the project's success or failure in achieving its objectives. The scientific goals of this paper are the scientific description and classification of liquidity problems and their impact on the financial performance of economic service entities, especially the discovery of financial and economic factors of service projects and their scientific explanation. This paper aims to evaluate the company that deals with the financing of the producers. It also reviews the financing results and, finally, gives appropriate recommendations for the control of their work. The financial performance of companies is assessed using recognized valuation tools and techniques in the field of investments, especially cash investments. Two main results were obtained in the conducted scientific research: (1) Libya has benefited significantly from the evaluation of the financial performance of projects dealing with liquidity problems and their impact on the financial performance of enterprises. (2) The percentage of total expenditures exceeded the percentage of total revenues in the years in which companies began to implement their projects, which led to losses for Libyan companies because of excessive spending and reduced revenues.
A field survey of some camel productive and reproductive traits in the Butana area, Sudan
Babiker E. A,,Abdel-Aziz B. E,,Husna M. Elbashir,Ahmed A. I
Research Opinions in Animal & Veterinary Sciences , 2011,
Abstract: This field survey study was conducted to investigate major constraints facing camel herd growth and reproduction in the Butana area. Data were collected during the study period from July 2009 to June 2010. Forms of questionnaires distributed, included different productive and reproductive characters, where a total of 321 camels were surveyed. The results showed that the number of pregnant she-camels was found positively correlated with age. Seventy percent of delivered females were recorded during August. General reproductive traits recorded during the survey period revealed that mean age at puberty was 40.5 months, while full reproductive potential was reached at a mean of 60 months. Age at first calving was recorded to be 72 months, while calving interval was observed at a mean of 30.5 months. Daily milk yield surveyed was higher (P<0.05) during winter and autumn (3.16 ± 2.41 and 2.88 ± 2.41 L, respectively), while lower daily milk production was recorded during summer (1.23 ± 1.22 L). Milk production was found positively correlated with age.
Thrombocytopenia in pregnant women with Plasmodium falciparum malaria in an area of unstable malaria transmission in eastern Sudan
Adam Mayyada B,Adam Gamal K,Rayis Duria A,Elbashir Mustafa I
BMC Clinical Pathology , 2012, DOI: 10.1186/1472-6890-12-10
Abstract: Background Blood platelet levels are being evaluated as predictive and prognostic indicators of the severity of malaria infections in humans. However, there are few studies on platelets and Plasmodium falciparum malaria during pregnancy. Methods A case–control study was conducted at Gadarif Hospital in Eastern Sudan, an area characterized by unstable malaria transmission. The aim of the study was to investigate thrombocytopenia in pregnant women with P. falciparum malaria (cases) and healthy pregnant women (controls). Results The median (interquartile) platelet counts were significantly lower in patients with malaria (N = 60) than in the controls (N = 60), 61, 000 (43,000–85,000) vs. 249,000 (204,000–300,000)/μL, respectively, p < 0.001. However, there was no significant difference in the platelet counts in patients with severe P. falciparum malaria (N = 12) compared with those patients with uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria (N = 48), 68, 000 (33,000-88,000)/μL vs. 61, 000 (45,000–85,000)/μL, respectively, p = 0.8. While none of the control group had thrombocytopenia (platelet count <75, 000/μL), it was found that 6/12 (50%) and 27/48 (56.2%) (p <0.001) of the patients with severe malaria and uncomplicated malaria had thrombocytopenia, respectively. Pregnant women with P. falciparum malaria, compared with the pregnant healthy control group, were at higher risk (OR = 10.1, 95% CI = 4.1–25.18; p < 0.001) of thrombocytopenia. Two patients experienced bleeding, and there was one maternal death due to cerebral malaria where the patient’s platelet count was only 28,000/μL. Conclusion P. falciparum malaria is associated with thrombocytopenia in pregnant women in this setting. More research is needed.
Development of chemically modified pencil graphite electrode based on benzo-18-crown-6 and multi-walled CNTs for determination of lead in water samples
Abdalla Ahmed Elbashir
- , 2019, DOI: 10.33945/SAMI/PCBR.2019.2.2433
Abstract: An improvement to the performance of the bare pencil graphite electrode (PGE) was made by modifying it utilizing p-amino benzene sulfonic acid (p-ABSA), benzo-18-crown-6 and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to detect lead (II) ions in water samples using differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetric technique. The presence of p-ABSA serves as ionic conductor while the good adsorption ability and electrical conductivity of multi-walled CNTs enhanced the sensitivity through increasing the electrochemical active surface area. Furthermore, using benzo-18-crown-6 as a molecular scavenger improved the selectivity for lead (II) ions. After optimizing the experimental and chemical parameters, the proposed electrode demonstrated linearity toward the lead (II) ions in a concentration range of 15-200 μM, and 0.99852 correlation factor at 5 sec accumulation time. The detection and qualification limits were statistically calculated based on ICH guidelines as 5.72 μM and 17.32 μM, respectively. The sensor demonstrated a very good selectivity over heavy metals for instance Zn (II), Fe (III), Cr (III), Cu (II) and Mn (VI). The developed method was adequately applied for the determination of Pb (II) ions in water samples. The results obtained by the current method were compared to the acquired results utilizing ICP-OES. According to the statistical consideration, the two methods were considered identical.？
Toxicity of Asistolochia brcteolata methanolic and chloroformic extracts in rats
Samia H. Abdelrahman,,Khojali S.M.Elbashir,,Tarig H.A.Bilal,Thoria O.Onsa
Research Opinions in Animal & Veterinary Sciences , 2011,
Abstract: This study was designed to find the toxicological effect of methanolic and chlorformic extract of Aristolochia bracteolata in Swiss albino rats. Methanolic and chlorphormic extracts were given at doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg BW to Swiss albino rats. Oral administration of the extract caused symptoms such as depression, arching of the back and tremors. Serum analysis indicated increase in the activity of Aspartate aminotransferease (AST), Alanine amino transferase (ALT) and Alkaline phosphatase (ALP). The concentration of urea, creatinine, ammonia were also increased and the concentration of total protein decreased. The main lesions found were haemorrage in the kidney and congestion of the liver. We concluded that chloroformic extract at the rate of 500 mg/kg was more toxic than all the treatments.
The disabling consequences of Mycetoma
Abubaker Ahmed Yosif,Ahmed Hassan Fahal,Melka O. EL-Amin,Mohamed Kamal Elbashir,Mustafa Abbas,Nora Groce,Peter Siordet Scolding,Roa Fath EL Rahman
- , 2018, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007019
Abstract:
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